use Parse::RecDescent;
use Data::Dumper;

use Parse::RecDescent;

my $grammar = <<'EOGRAMMAR';

    { my  %patterns; }

    query:      { %patterns=() }
          pattern(s) end_of_query
          { $return = { %patterns } }
         |    <error>

    end_of_query: /\Z/

    pattern: '+' string  { push @{$patterns{required}}, $item[2] }
           | '-' string  { push @{$patterns{excluded}}, $item[2] }
           | string      { push @{$patterns{optional}}, $item[1] }
           | <error>

    string: quoted_string
          | bareword

    quoted_string:
         { my $string = extract_delimited($text,q{'"});
           $return = substr($string,1,length($string)-2) if $string; }

    bareword: /\w+/

EOGRAMMAR

my $parser = Parse::RecDescent->new($grammar) or die;

while (<>)
{
    my $query = $parser->query($_);
    print Data::Dumper->Dump([$query],['query']);
}